一种基于Mesh网络的混合AOA/RSSI协作定位算法
2023年电子技术应用第8期
张毅，王灏钰
（重庆邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院，重庆 400065）
摘要：传统到达角度（Angle-Of-Arrival， AOA）/接受信号强度指示（Received Signal Strength Indicator， RSSI）混合定位往往需要多个锚节点布设阵列天线以实现高精度定位，为解决在锚节点资源受限下精度较低的问题，提出了一种基于Mesh网络的混合AOA/RSSI协作定位方法。仅有中心主锚节点提供AOA角度的情况下，采取最小二乘法对联合真实和虚拟锚节点所对应角度和距离信息进行初步定位；利用未知节点之间的协作通信和测距信息，位置估计问题被转换为无约束非线性优化问题，给予短距离链路更高权重，通过迭代求解最终实现协作定位。仿真结果表明，所提算法在锚节点资源受限情况下有效地提升了定位精度。
中图分类号：TN98 文献标志码：A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.233844
中文引用格式：张毅，王灏钰. 一种基于Mesh网络的混合AOA/RSSI协作定位算法[J]. 电子技术应用，2023，49(8)：76-81.
英文引用格式：Zhang Yi，Wang Haoyu. A hybrid AOA/RSSI cooperative localization algorithm based on mesh networks[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2023，49(8)：76-81.
中文引用格式：张毅，王灏钰. 一种基于Mesh网络的混合AOA/RSSI协作定位算法[J]. 电子技术应用，2023，49(8)：76-81.
英文引用格式：Zhang Yi，Wang Haoyu. A hybrid AOA/RSSI cooperative localization algorithm based on mesh networks[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2023，49(8)：76-81.
A hybrid AOA/RSSI cooperative localization algorithm based on mesh networks
Zhang Yi，Wang Haoyu
(School of Communication and Information Engineering， Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications， Chongqing 400065， China)
Abstract：Traditional hybrid Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA)/Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) localization methods require all of the anchor nodes to be equipped with the large scale of antenna arrays to achieve high accuracy of localization. To solve the problem of low localization accuracy under the resource constraint of anchor nodes, a hybrid AOA/RSSI cooperation localization method based on mesh networks was proposed. With only one central anchor node providing AOA angle information, the angle and distance information of real and virtual anchor nodes was integrated to estimate the preliminary localization by using the least square method. Then, the cooperative communication and ranging information between unknown nodes was added to the overall localization process, and the localization estimation problem was converted into an unconstrained non-linear optimization problem, higher weights were given to the short-range links, and the cooperative localization was solved by iterative solving. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the localization accuracy under the resource constraint of anchor nodes.
Key words :cooperative localization；AOA；RSSI；mesh networks；least square method；unconstrained non-linear optimization
0 引言
随着基于位置服务需求量和市场规模的稳态增长，在定位方案中追求精度和成本的平衡一直是无线定位技术的难点之一。位置感知网络一般由锚节点（Anchor Nodes, AN）和未知节点（Unknown Nodes, UN）（也称为目标节点）两个部分组成，其中锚节点位置已知，利用锚节点和未知节点之间的测量信息，并结合先验知识实现位置估计。根据硬件设备的不同，获取位置信息的物理测量方式有所差异。基于AOA的测向方式需要在锚节点处布设有向天线或阵列天线从而获取角度信息；基于RSSI的测距方式实现较为简单，无需节点之间严格的时钟同步和额外硬件设备，利用路径损耗模型和发射功率即可转换为距离信息。联合角度和距离信息能够带来更多观测数据，因此混合AOA和RSSI的定位方法引起了广泛的重视。
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作者信息：
张毅，王灏钰
（重庆邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院，重庆 400065）
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