法律经济学视阈下“大数据杀熟”的监管困境及纾解
网络安全与数据治理 7期
雷洁
（华东政法大学刑事法学院，上海200042）
摘要：“大数据杀熟”作为数字经济与人工智能算法发展的负外部性产物，一直存在理论与实践上的争议。在理论层面，学界对“大数据杀熟”的认知与定性观点不一，存在差别定价、价格欺诈、价格歧视多种讨论。在实践层面，“大数据杀熟”是一个综合性问题，在侵犯消费者权益的同时还涉及反垄断、信息安全等多个维度，现行法律规范与监管模式对该行为的回应尚有不足。本文通过法律经济学的分析方法，对“大数据杀熟”进行法理基础的解构，明确“大数据杀熟”的价格歧视本质，着重分析消费者权益减损、市场失灵等法律监管困境，在此基础上得出逆向选择进行反歧视、制度创新完善监管体系，正本清源强化算法权力治理等纾解建议，以期实现提高经济效率与维护消费者权益两大目标的衡平。
中图分类号：D922.29
文献标识码：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.002
引用格式：雷洁.法律经济学视阈下“大数据杀熟”的监管困境及纾解［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2023，42（7）：5-11.
文献标识码：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.002
引用格式：雷洁.法律经济学视阈下“大数据杀熟”的监管困境及纾解［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2023，42（7）：5-11.
The regulatory dilemma and relief of Big Data Price Discrimination in the perspective of law and economics
Lei Jie
(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China )
Abstract：As a negative externality product of digital economy and artificial intelligence algorithm development, "Big Data Price Discrimination" has always been controversial in theory and practice. At the theoretical level, there are many doctrinal disputes on the cognition and characterization of "Big Data Price Discrimination", existing various discussions on differential pricing, price fraud and price discrimination. At the practical level, "Big Data Price Discrimination" is a comprehensive problem, which not only infringes on consumer rights but also involves antimonopoly, information security and other dimensions. The current legal norms and regulatory model still have insufficient responses to this behavior. Through the analysis method of law and economics, this paper deconstructs the legal basis of "Big Data Price Discrimination" and makes clear the essence of price discrimination of "Big Data Price Discrimination", especially focusing on the analysis of legal regulatory dilemmas such as the loss of consumer rights and market failure. On this basis, suggestions such as antidiscrimination by adverse selection,perfecting supervision system by institutional innovation and strengthening power governance by algorithm are put forward to improve the regulatory approach, expecting to achieve the balance between economic efficiency and consumer protection.
Key words :artificial intelligence; Ecommerce platform; market failure theory; consumer protection
0 引言
人工智能算法的发展与数据信息的规模式增长，在给消费者带来更方便快捷生活体验的同时，也逐渐颠覆着传统的社会认知与商业逻辑。电商平台通过算法技术对大数据作精准分析，窥知消费者的购买能力与支付意愿后，实施个性化定价已经成为较为普遍的现实，“大数据杀熟”问题也应运而生。法律监管无法有效界定及规制电商平台的逾矩行为，消费者合法权益正面临重重挑战。在《关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》《禁止滥用市场支配地位行为暂行规定》《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》等一系列部门规章颁布前，“大数据杀熟”无论在法律定性抑或表现形式上都未能真正达成统一，反而在探讨中衍生出诸多争议，从法律经济学视阈下对“大数据杀熟”概念的厘清尤有必要。
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作者信息：
雷洁
（华东政法大学刑事法学院，上海200042）
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