《个人信息保护法》背景下告知同意规则的检视与改进
网络安全与数据治理 6期
罗陈鑫
(华东政法大学经济法学院,上海200050)
摘要:告知同意规则虽然是国际通行的个人信息保护规则,但在实践中面临着多重困境。《个人信息保护法》在坚持采纳告知同意规则的同时也对其采取了一系列修正措施。但从《个人信息保护法》的适用现状来看,告知同意规则面临的实践困境并没有得到改善,信息处理者与信息主体之间仍然处于利益失衡的状态。检视《个人信息保护法》所采取的扩张合法性基础、实施信息分类与差异化保护、细化完善同意规则等修正措施,虽然一定程度上纾解了同意规则难以落地的窘况,但仍存在诸多疏漏。应采取引入合法利益豁免机制、构建行政监管机制、发扬个人信息保护设计理念等手段作为告知同意规则改进完善的对症之策。
中图分类号:D923
文献标识码:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.06.005
引用格式:罗陈鑫.《个人信息保护法》背景下告知同意规则的检视与改进[J].网络安全与数据治理,2023,42(6):30-36.
文献标识码:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.06.005
引用格式:罗陈鑫.《个人信息保护法》背景下告知同意规则的检视与改进[J].网络安全与数据治理,2023,42(6):30-36.
Review and improvement of informed consent rules in the context of the implementation of Personal Information Protection Law
Luo Chenxin
(Law School of Economics, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200050, China)
Abstract:Although the informed consent rule is an internationally accepted personal information protection rule, it faces multiple dilemmas in practice. While adopting the informed consent rule, the Personal Information Protection Law also adopts a series of amendments to it. However, from the current situation of the application of the Personal Information Protection Law, the practical dilemma faced by the informed consent rule has not been resolved, and the interests between the information processor and the information subject are still in a state of imbalance. Examining the amendment measures adopted by the Personal Information Protection Law, such as expanding the legal basis, implementing the classification and differentiated protection of information, and refining the consent rules, although to a certain extent, the dilemma that the consent rules are difficult to be implemented is alleviated, there are still many problems to be solved. It is necessary to introduce the legal interest exemption mechanism, build the administrative supervision mechanism, and carry forward the design concept of personal information protection as the countermeasures to improve the informed consent rule.
Key words :informed consent; Personal Information Protection Law; exemption of legitimate interests; balance of interests; personal information protection design
0 引言
大数据时代个人信息保护极端重要。自《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》(以下简称“《个保法》”)颁布以来,我国已经构建起了个人信息保护的基本制度体系。《个保法》在规则构造上继续沿用了告知同意模式,但这一模式其实在颁布之前就面临着诸多质疑与挑战。美国著名的隐私法学者Solove提出的“同意困境”理论总结了告知同意所面临的种种窘境,得到了很多学者的认同与引用。有一些学者认为针对“同意困境”,应当对告知同意规则作出修正;另外一些观点较为激进的学者则认为不应当把同意作为个人信息处理的正当性基础。应当说,告知同意规则的存与废不是一个简单的是非题,而是一个复杂的综合题,这一规则从根本上触及我国的个人信息保护制度,需要全面审慎地考量。《个保法》在立法选择上没有直接废除告知同意规则,而是采取了扩张合法性基础、构建信息分类与差异化保护制度、细化完善同意规则等一系列措施对其进行修正,以期避免告知同意规则制度目的的落空。但这些措施是否真正有效纾解了我国信息保护实践中的“同意困境”仍然难以得到肯定。时至今日,告知同意规则在实践上仍然面临告知不到位、同意不真实和救济路径缺失等问题。因此,有必要对《个保法》背景下的告知同意规则进行再检视,探索进一步优化的对症之策。
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作者信息:
罗陈鑫
(华东政法大学经济法学院,上海200050)
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