摘 要：回顾了计算机体系的发展历程，并分析了计算机体系的发展和技术研究的关键: Cell和多核等新型处理结构和可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" 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title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" title="可重构计算">可重构计算" 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关键词：计算机体系；可重构；多核

现代计算机的发展历程可以分为2个时代：串行计算时代和并行计算时代。并行计算是在串行计算的基础上，由一组处理单元组成，处理单元彼此通过相互之间的通信与协作，共同高速完成一项大规模的计算任务。而每一个计算时代都是从体系结构的发展开始，然后才是基于该结构的系统软件(特别是编译器与操作系统)、应用软件的发展，最后随着问题求解和发展而达到顶峰。
1 计算机体系的发展历程
随着计算技术的发展，计算机体系也在不断发展变化。20世纪60年代初期，随着晶体管和磁芯存储器的出现，处理单元和存储器实现小型化，并行计算机开始出现。到了20世纪60年代末期，单一处理器中可以集成多个功能单元，产生了流水线技术。该技术与单纯提高CPU时钟频率相比，大大提高了并行计算机系统的性能。
当时，伊利诺依大学和Burroughs公司开始着手实施Illiac Ⅳ计划，研制1台64颗CPU的SIMD主机系统，涉及到相关硬件技术、体系结构、I/O设备、操作系统、程序设计语言，以及包括应用程序在内的众多研究课题。1975年，随着一台规模大大缩小的原型系统(仅使用了16颗CPU)的面世，新的计算技术也得到了发展。
首先是存储系统的概念，提出了虚拟存储和缓存的思想，大大提高了计算机的整体性能。其次是开云棋牌官网在线客服存储器开始代替磁芯存储器，大大缩小了存储器的体积并提高了访存速度。集成电路技术也被广泛而迅速地应用到计算机技术中。
1976年Cray-1问世，向量计算技术被应用到高性能计算机中。Cray-1对所使用的逻辑电路是经过精心设计的，采用RISC精简指令集，引入向量寄存器，完成向量运算。
20世纪80年代开始，微处理器技术高速发展。此时，微处理器随着机器的字长从4位、8位、16位一直增加到32位、64位，其性能也随之显著提高。卡内基·梅隆大学提出共享存储多处理器体系结构，并在当时流行的DEC PDP-11小型计算机的基础上研制出1台由16台PDP-11/40处理机通过交叉开关与16个共享存储器模块相连接而成的共享存储多处理器系统C.mmp。伯克利加州大学对基于SMP方式的总线协议进行扩展，提出了Cache一致性问题的处理方案。从此，C.mmp开创出的共享存储多处理器体系结构便成为服务器和桌面工作站的主流。
20世纪80年代中期，基于消息传递机制的并行计算机开始出现，加州理工学院将64个i8086/i8087处理器通过超立方体互连结构连接起来。此后，便先后出现了Intel iPSC系列、INMOS Transputer系列、Intel Paragon，以及IBM SP的前身Vulcan等基于消息传递机制的并行计算机。
20世纪80年代末到20世纪90年代初，共享存储器方式的大规模并行计算机又获得了新的发展。IBM将大量早期的RISC微处理器通过蝶形互联网络连接起来。斯坦福大学提出DASH计划，通过维护1个保存有每一缓存块位置信息的目录结构来实现分布式共享存储器的缓存一致性技术，IEEE在此基础上提出了缓存一致性协议的标准。从20世纪90年代末开始，以前发展的主要几种体系逐步走向融合，同时随着新技术的出现又为新的架构带来了新的革命。
2 Cell和多核等新型处理器结构带来新的方向
随着人们对计算机CPU速度的不断追求和微电子技术的发展及限制，一种新的处理器结构开始出现，它就是Cell和多核架构技术的实现。
Cell架构是1个单芯片多核处理单元，处理单元之间共享存储器资源。与多核处理器不同，Cell主要采用协处理器方式，然后依靠多个处理器并行技术来实现运算速度的提高。尽管存在应用程序难以充分利用的弊病，但是其综合效率以及功耗控制都非常理想，开创了完全可扩展的架构模式。从而为大型机、服务器、以至包括手机在内的所有消费类电子产品提供1个统一的架构平台。只需要改变频率、内核数量等相关参数，即可保证在1个机器上开发、在所有机器上运行，大大节省了软件移植所带来的费用。因此，使用Cell的手机完全可以与相应的服务器进行直接沟通和资源共享，从而把这些小资源集合成为一个庞大的计算资源，构成一个真正的信息化时代。在这个资源体系中，每个资源节点可能是微不足道的，但是每个节点的运算都可能被整个资源库无穷放大，从而构成一个完整的Cell网络，为消费类电子的信息网络化带来真正的革命。
多核处理器的出现则是一场新的计算方式的革命^[1，2]。2006 年，处理器开始从单核向多核处理器发展，多核处理器已不再局限于高端服务器，开始向 PC机普及，多核处理器使 PC 机变成并行式计算机。在多核处理器逐渐成为市场主导后，怎样利用多核的优势来优化并行程序设计成为一个需要研究和解决的问题。多核设计的出现为摩尔定律转向基辛格规则带来了生命力。英特尔推出了双核、四核至强和双核安腾处理器，AMD也推出了双核、四核皓龙芯片，IBM的Power5+芯片也是双核设计，针对HPC和图形运算的Cell芯片更是拥有1+8个核，SUN公司的Ultrasparc T1拥有8个核，Clearspeed(96核)、思科NPU（192核）、RIKEN（512核）更是推出了拥有数十个甚至数百个核的芯片，预计到2020年，千核CPU也会诞生。同时，多核技术在高性能计算中也已获得了广泛应用。

全文回顾了计算机体系的发展历程和新技术，并分析了目前计算机体系的发展和技术研究的关键: Cell和多核等新型处理结构和可重构计算技术，提出了新的计算机体系结构，为计算机研究和应用提供了参考。
参考文献
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