聊聊汽车电子的标准
0赞汽车行业其实是一个很“古老”的行业,由于本身其作为设计为人类的交通工具,在不同的国家和地区使用也有着很多很多的共性存在,当然不同的环境和偏 好,使得各家公司有着不同的标准。当然由于日本和欧洲的语言问题,相对而言我接触的美国地区的标准较多。从IHS上面,有着较多的名目:
以上的标准比较全,我先给大家整理一下脉络,首先需要去了解的,就是ISO/IEC部分,里面东西比较多,ISO Standards and Specifications for Transportation Safety and Testing Collection,这部分是重中之重,也是所有的汽车零部件产品的起标(这里先不说国标);由于本文作为综述性的文章,因此并不把里面的分类进行展开,有时间我会把所有的标准进行划分制成表格,让大家较为清晰的了解ISO的标准构成以及其作用。
然后就是SAE的标准了,由于前面已经介绍了很多SAE的标准的内容,可参考前面的博文:SAE的精神食粮并重点注意以下的这些标准:
SAE J211-1
(R) Instrumentation for Impact Test-Part 1-Electronic Instrumentation
SAE J771
Automotive Printed Circuits
SAE J1113-1
(R) Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Components of Vehicles, Boats (Up To 15 M), and Machines (Except Aircraft) (50HZ to 18 GHZ)
SAE J1113-2
(R) Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limit for Vehicle Components (Except Aircraft) - Conducted Immunity, 15 HZ to 250 KHZ - All Leads
SAE J1211
(R) Handbook for Robustness Validation of Automotive Electrical/Electronic Modules
事实上,美国地区的汽车电子OEM标准主要包括GM和FORD两家的,特别针对电子产品的有
Ford Motor Company (FORD)
FORD F-2
Electrical and Electronics System Engineering
FORD WSF-M22P5-A1
Printed Circuit Boards, PTF, Double Sided, Flexible
在工作中曾经接触到FORD对于电子模块的一些要求,这些要求是FORD给供应商的参考文档。这些文档都是机密的,有位前辈因此被判入狱了。在判决书中有提到:system design specifications for the engine/transmission mounting subsystem, electrical distribution system, electric power supply, and electrical subsystem and generic body module。严格意义上来说,这些并不是企业标准,而是内部的材料,有Confidential的说明,注意这些文档并没有出现在IHS的清单里面,是 受控的。因此,在当前国内的流动性过高的环境下,工程师还是需要对自己的行为慎之又慎,可能不留心就处于违法的境地了!(关键字:竞争对手,与工作无关的 内容,关键内容由公司投资巨大而得出的材料)
General Motors North America (GM)
GM9100P
Automotive Component EMC Specification Overview of Test Requirements
GMN10061
Part Performance Requirements for Finishes of Electrical/Electronic Components
General Motors Europe (GME)
General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components, Structure and Applicability (Formerly QT 126537)
GMI 12554 R PART 1
General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components Part 1: General Specification for Electrical Signals and Interfaces Requirements
GMI 12557 R
General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components, Basic Electrical Requirements
GMI 12537
General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components, Structure and Applicability (Formerly QT126537)
General Motors Worldwide (GMW)
GMW3097
General Specification for Electrical / Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Global EMC Component/Subsystem Validation Acceptance Process
GMW3103
(EMC) General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic Compatibility Global EMC Component /Subsystem Validation Acceptance Process
GMW3172
General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Component Analytical/Development/Validation (A/D/V) Procedures for Conformance to Vehicle Environmental, Reliability, Durability, and Performance Requirements
GMW8288
Thermal Evaluations of Electrical/Electronic Devices
与FORD的风格不一样,GM主要是利用标准化的方式来兼容这些。如果有钱,任何企业可以通过IHS来购买GM的标准,相对而言GM在做事情(某种而言, 我与同事聊天时候都谈到,对待一些基础的标准上,GM可能是在中国最愿意培养供应商的一家OEM企业了)的开放程度上要比FORD也要好一些。
标准是每位工程师需要注意的材料,这里整理个大概,给同行们作为参考。