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聊聊汽车电子的标准

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汽车行业其实是一个很“古老”的行业,由于本身其作为设计为人类的交通工具,在不同的国家和地区使用也有着很多很多的共性存在,当然不同的环境和偏 好,使得各家公司有着不同的标准。当然由于日本和欧洲的语言问题,相对而言我接触的美国地区的标准较多。从IHS上面,有着较多的名目:

  • AATCC(American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists)
  • ASME Y14 Series(ASME Drawings and Terminology (Y14) Collection)
  • ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)
  • Delphi-I
  • Delta Motor
  • FMVSS(Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards)
  • Ford
  • Ford Drafting
  • Ford NAAO (NSP)
  • GM do Brasil
  • GM Europe
  • GM North America
  • GM Worldwide
  • Holden
  • International Truck & Engine Corporation (formally Navistar)
  • ISO/IEC(Automotive Plastics)
  • ISUZU
  • Jaguar(Jaguar Standards Development Organization)
  • JSAE(Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan Inc)
  • SAE "J"Reports
  • 以上的标准比较全,我先给大家整理一下脉络,首先需要去了解的,就是ISO/IEC部分,里面东西比较多,ISO Standards and Specifications for Transportation Safety and Testing Collection,这部分是重中之重,也是所有的汽车零部件产品的起标(这里先不说国标);由于本文作为综述性的文章,因此并不把里面的分类进行展开,有时间我会把所有的标准进行划分制成表格,让大家较为清晰的了解ISO的标准构成以及其作用。

    然后就是SAE的标准了,由于前面已经介绍了很多SAE的标准的内容,可参考前面的博文:SAE的精神食粮并重点注意以下的这些标准:

    SAE J211-1
    (R) Instrumentation for Impact Test-Part 1-Electronic Instrumentation

    SAE J771
    Automotive Printed Circuits

    SAE J1113-1
    (R) Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Components of Vehicles, Boats (Up To 15 M), and Machines (Except Aircraft) (50HZ to 18 GHZ)

    SAE J1113-2
    (R) Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limit for Vehicle Components (Except Aircraft) - Conducted Immunity, 15 HZ to 250 KHZ - All Leads

    SAE J1211
    (R) Handbook for Robustness Validation of Automotive Electrical/Electronic Modules

    事实上,美国地区的汽车电子OEM标准主要包括GM和FORD两家的,特别针对电子产品的有

    Ford Motor Company (FORD)

    FORD F-2
    Electrical and Electronics System Engineering

    FORD WSF-M22P5-A1
    Printed Circuit Boards, PTF, Double Sided, Flexible

    在工作中曾经接触到FORD对于电子模块的一些要求,这些要求是FORD给供应商的参考文档。这些文档都是机密的,有位前辈因此被判入狱了。在判决书中有提到:system design specifications for the engine/transmission mounting subsystem, electrical distribution system, electric power supply, and electrical subsystem and generic body module。严格意义上来说,这些并不是企业标准,而是内部的材料,有Confidential的说明,注意这些文档并没有出现在IHS的清单里面,是 受控的。因此,在当前国内的流动性过高的环境下,工程师还是需要对自己的行为慎之又慎,可能不留心就处于违法的境地了!(关键字:竞争对手,与工作无关的 内容,关键内容由公司投资巨大而得出的材料)

    General Motors North America (GM)

    GM9100P
    Automotive Component EMC Specification Overview of Test Requirements

    GMN10061
    Part Performance Requirements for Finishes of Electrical/Electronic Components

    General Motors Europe (GME)

    GMI 12537

    General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components, Structure and Applicability (Formerly QT 126537)

    GMI 12554 R PART 1
    General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components Part 1: General Specification for Electrical Signals and Interfaces Requirements

    GMI 12557 R
    General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components, Basic Electrical Requirements

    GMI 12537
    General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Subsystems and Components, Structure and Applicability (Formerly QT126537)

    General Motors Worldwide (GMW)

    GMW3097
    General Specification for Electrical / Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Global EMC Component/Subsystem Validation Acceptance Process

    GMW3103
    (EMC) General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic Compatibility Global EMC Component /Subsystem Validation Acceptance Process

    GMW3172
    General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Component Analytical/Development/Validation (A/D/V) Procedures for Conformance to Vehicle Environmental, Reliability, Durability, and Performance Requirements

    GMW8288
    Thermal Evaluations of Electrical/Electronic Devices

    与FORD的风格不一样,GM主要是利用标准化的方式来兼容这些。如果有钱,任何企业可以通过IHS来购买GM的标准,相对而言GM在做事情(某种而言, 我与同事聊天时候都谈到,对待一些基础的标准上,GM可能是在中国最愿意培养供应商的一家OEM企业了)的开放程度上要比FORD也要好一些。

    标准是每位工程师需要注意的材料,这里整理个大概,给同行们作为参考。

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